AC magnetic measurement data supplements DC magnetic data associated with slope of the VSM generated Hysteresis loop. AC magnetic data reporting addresses magnetic “Susceptibility” and supplements the DC magnetics of Permeability reporting.

ARkival uses its assortment of designed and fabricated miniature coil probes for all AC magnetic measurements. The probes are used with AC Magnetometers, for measuring magnetic material properties.

Both AC and DC material property parameters add to identification/fingerprinting” of materials for their use in applicable magnetic applications.

AC Magnetic Field Measurements

ARkival Technology has developed a fast and accurate measurement means for measuring AC magnetic fields and their corresponding AC frequencies used in magnetic devices. Typically both precision Hall probe and Miniature Coil probe testing of AC field measurements are made with calibrated accuracy referenced to standardized reference materials. AC Field measurements can be performed in either different dimensional views at small measurement location(s) or over larger areal regions of interest using either precision manual testing or automated robotic testing, both with and without magnetic field mapping. Eddy Current measurements are also possible.

AC Measurement Data

In AC magnetic measurements, where an AC field is applied to a sample and the AC magnetic moments measured, that data is an important tool for characterizing magnetic materials. Because the induced sample’s magnetic  moment is time-dependent in the AC tests; the additional information about the AC magnetization dynamics supplements DC measurements.

ARkival’s focus on the accurate measurement of AC material properties uses precision magnetometers that typically limits the material sample size to “small” rather than “large” . In many cases, test samples must be prepared for analysis and sample preparation options are discussed with clients prior to measurement.

Basic physical properties from the AC data are

• Resistivity,
• Critical temperatures,
• Critical current density,
• Frequency response

Susceptibility is used to characterize magnetic materials such as ferrites, Sendusts, semiconductors, superconductors, and other magnetic materials where surface barriers and effects of granularity are of performance interest.

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ARkival Technology performs Magnetic Field testing of magnet-contained products designated for both domestic and international air shipments. Such products are required to be magnetically source-distance-tested (and magnetically label-identified ) for compliance to the required FAA, ICAO & IATA ¹ specifications.

The resulting source-distance data must demonstrate magnetic fields less than the maximum value specified by FAA, ICOA & IATA documents at the seven (7’) foot and fifteen (15’) foot distances for all packaged and non-packaged products containing magnets. ARkival’s testing process delivers actual and simulated worst-case magnetic field measurements to determine the cumulative field effect (magnetic field strength and magnetic polarity) of the magnets, magnetic products and/or magnetic materials at required planes and distances.

ARkival’s Testing includes…

Project Description for testing, evaluating and certifying shipping cartons containing Magnets and/or Magnetic devices for compliance to the FAA, ICAO, IATA guidelines for the safe transport by air.

Reference Documents: 

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and regulations for aviation safety, security, efficiency, regularity, and aviation environmental protection.

ICAO standards and other provisions: Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)

•  Packing instruction: reformatted packing instructions (effective 1 January 2011) v; 6 P141 (17/10/2008) ²– and subsequent releases.
•   Technical instructions for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air: 2011-2016 edition doc9284-an/905 add #3.crr. #2 26/4/11 and subsequent releases.
•   IATA- Dangerous Goods Regulations- Magnetic products

Note: Air Safety magnetic requirements are updated regularly by the governing Associations and are included in all ARkival Air-Safety dated reports.

Specific Testing

ARkival’s test procedures address this class of materials on Passenger and Cargo aircraft designated as UN 2807, Magnetized material

Measurements determine the magnetic field strength at the both distances of 2.1 m (7 ft.) and 4.6 m (15 ft.) from any point on any surface of the individually packaged units in 360 degree rotations in two planes.

For compliance, magnetic field readings resulting from tested product(s) at both specified distances and orientations should not exceed 0.159 A/m and 0.418 A/m, respectively.

Measurement Equipment

All magnetic field measurements are made with Hall Effect probes with either linear or transverse sensors ³.

The laboratory test area for magnetic measurement is free from magnetic interference other than the earth’s magnetic field (~ 5 milligauss(mG) at the EW measurement (geographic) location when minimized).

The primary Hall effect Gaussmeters are all Geomagnetometers with calibrated Probe Reference Standards. Distance measurements are all supported by a Class IIIA Laser Tape.

NOTES

¹ ICAO- International Civil Aviation Organization (www.icao.int) & IATA- International Air Transport Association (www.iata.org).

² http://www.iata.org/Site Collection Documents/Documents/IATA Reformatted Packing

³ The use of a highly sensitive, CMOS technology Hall probes for these measurements requires additional humidity and stray earth field shielding during testing.

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