Magnetic saturation is the state reached in a sample when increases in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further. At saturation, the total magnetic flux density B does not increase with increases in applied external fields. Saturation is a characteristic of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys.

Saturation is most clearly seen in the Hysteresis loop (above).. As the H field increases, the B field approaches a maximum value asymptotically, denoted as the saturation magnetization of the substance.

Different materials have different saturation levels. High permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1.6–2.2 Tesla’s (T), whereas ferrites saturate at 0.2–0.5 T. Some amorphous alloys saturate at 1.2–1.3 T. Mu-metal saturates at around 0.8 T.

source: Wikipedia

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a very high imaging magnification performed with an electron microscope that produces informative images of magnetic samples by scanning them with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing highly magnified images of the sample’s surface topography and composition.

Image Magnification from an SEM can be controlled from 10 to 300,000 times. In magnetics, ARkival uses SEM micrograph images regularly to study minute structures, nanoparticles, minute structural detail, surface areas of materials, biological specimens and more.

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